| dc.description.abstract | This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimization experiences and their associa-
tion with family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness among adolescents across 40 lower and middle
income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). Data were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children
(HBSC) school-based survey of adolescents aged 11–15 years, between 2013 and 2014. We estimated the weighted
prevalence by categorising experiences into traditional bullying victimization only, cyberbullying victimization only, and
combined traditional and cyberbullying victimization, at country and country income classification. We used multinominal
logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted association with the form of bullying victimization by demographic
characteristics, family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness. Overall, 8.0% reported traditional bul-
lying victimization only (8.8% males, 7.4% females), 2.3% of adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization only
(2.1% males, 2.2% females), and 1.7% reported combined traditional and cyber bullying victimization (1.7% males, 1.8%
females). All three forms of bullying victimization during adolescence were significantly associated with poor family
functioning, poor peer relations and poor school connectedness. A consistent finding is that traditional bullying victimiza-
tion is considerably more common among adolescents across both LMICs and HICs than cyberbullying victimization.
This study also demonstrated that a significant proportion of adolescent’s experience victimization in both forms. Positive
family functioning, strong peer relationships and greater school connectedness are associated with a lower risk of both
forms of bullying victimization. | en_US |
