https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/719 2026-06-09T23:48:11Z 2026-06-09T23:48:11Z Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/867 2026-02-18T06:15:03Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Relationship of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use During Pregnancy with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability Among Offspring Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use by pregnant women during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in their children among Medicaid-insured mother–child dyads. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study linking multiple datasets of South Carolina for the years between 2010 and 2017, in which the main exposure variable was NSAID use during pregnancy and outcome variables were ASD only, ID only, and ASD with ID. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression analysis, controlling for identified risk factors for ASD (mother’s age, race, body–mass index, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes). Results: NSAID use during pregnancy was found to be associated with ID only in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Children with mothers who had NSAID prescriptions were 26% more likely to have ID in comparison with children whose mothers did not have NSAID prescriptions (odds ratio: 1.26 [1.10–1.46]). The other risk factors identified for ASD were maternal age, race, preeclampsia, smoking, low birth weight, and obesity. For ID, the risk factors were maternal age, race, smoking, birth weight, overweight, and obesity, all of which were also associated with ASD with ID, except for overweight. Conclusions: NSAID usage during pregnancy was found to be associated with ID only and not with ASD. However, more research is needed to validate the effect of NSAIDs during pregnancy on ASD and ID among children.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Chowdhury, Ahsanul Kabir https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/866 2026-02-18T06:15:15Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Pattern of Sexual Violence among Women and Children in the Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: An Unveiled Truth Chowdhury, Ahsanul Kabir Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) has emerged as one of the most common and significant social problems worldwide including in Bangladesh. In recent times, incidents of sexual violence are on a rise in the country. The study was aimed at documenting the patterns of sexual violence that occurred in the hilly hard- to-reach areas of Bangladesh. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bandarban District Hospital, a secondary-level hospital in one of the hilly districts of Bangladesh. The study participants included all the reported sexual assault victims between the period from July 2019 through June 2021. The variables were the victim’s age, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, age at menarche, signs of assault, the interval between the incident and reporting, number of perpetrators, age of the perpetrators, and relationship of the perpetrator with the victims. Results: During the study period, ninety cases were reported in selected hospitals of whom 86 (95.6%) were female and the rest (4.4%) were male. The mean age of the victims was 16±6.9 years (range: 2-40 years). Most of the victims (61.4%) were from the age group 11-20 years while 18.2% were below 10 years. Less than half (44.4%) of victims were assaulted before menarche. About 25% of the incidents took place in Farmhouses, or areas close to the forest or springs, while 34.4% occurred in either the victim’s or the perpetrator’s house. In most of the instances (75.6%), the number of perpetrators was single, and the mean age of them was 22.5±6.3 years (range: 13-45 years). In about 40% of cases, the perpetrator was known to the victim personally. Among 90 victims, 15(16.6%) were assaulted by their present or ex-lovers. Conclusion: This study would help to set up the platform to undergo more research in this neglected, yet important area related to human rights violations.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/865 2026-02-18T06:15:31Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability- adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described. Results: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% UI: 224–309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3,416 [95% UI: 2,899–4,066] and 2,277 [95% UI: 2,192–2,369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14–5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615–122,841] asthma deaths. Conclusions: Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age- standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z