Class of 2022

Assessment of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in Thimphu, Bhutan: A cross-sectional study

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in Thimphu, Bhutan: A cross-sectional study Wangmo, Tandin Background: Exclusive breastfeeding immediately after birth up to 6 months shows how healthy, experienced, sick and mentally the baby will develop which means that exclusive breastfeeding is essential for a healthy childhood and adulthood. Bhutan has a prevalence rate of 51.4%, which means almost half of Bhutanese newborn are not exclusively breastfed. Objective: This study aimed to assess the progress of the criteria BFHI hospital and evaluate to propose the intervention to the lacking criteria. To access the knowledge of the mothers regarding the 10 steps to successfully breastfeeding practice and to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Methodology: The cross sectional study was conducted in the Mother and Child Hospital of Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu. Data were collected from 345 mothers who are visiting the hospitals for their post-natal services using convenience sampling until the calculated sample size was fulfilled. Chi square, frequency distribution and logistic regression were used to find the association and odd ratios. Result: The multivariate regression has found a significant association between the feeding within the first hour of the delivery and Type of Delivery, an odd ratio of 0.34 (CI: 0.15-0.76) p <0.05. Associated between Kangaroo mother care and Type of Delivery odds of 0.02 (CI:0.01-0.04),p<0.05. And birth preparedness and Type of Delivery has a high association, odd of 0.20 CI (0.05-0.76) with p value 0.02. Discussion: The study showed that 7 of the 13 BFHI criteria of breastfeeding scored below 90%. Only 75.1% of the mothers initiated breastfeeding within an hour of the delivery. The findings showed that c-session delivery, not being able to do kangaroo mother care and less knowledge about birth preparedness are potential factors that act as a barrier towards breastfeeding within an hour of delivery. And maternal knowledge score is highly associated with where the lactation room is and baby feeding position. This plays a significant role in continuation of breastfeeding for longer duration. Conclusion: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was introduced in Bhutan that could potentially help in increasing and improving breastfeeding practice. 7 out of 13 criteria are not up to the set criteria of the Ministry of Health, scoring less than 90%.

Inpatient Satisfaction Report in the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital November, 2021

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Inpatient Satisfaction Report in the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital November, 2021 Euphel Choden, Sonam Patient satisfaction is a relative phenomenon, which embodies the patient's perceived need, his expectations from the health system, and experience of health care. The main objective of conducting IPSS is to study and draw an action plan for CQI through patient feedback from the IPDs.In-patient Satisfaction level & In-patient’s Expectation from JDWNRH. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care at JDWNRH. Study Period: proposal writing for a month which started from mid- September till the mid of October. From 20th October to 16th November submission of the proposal was done and got approval. Data was collected from 16th November - 22nd November and data analysis and report writing was carried out after a week of data collection..Material & Methods: A sample of 256 patients was selected by employing convenience sampling technique. The patients were interviewed and data was collected using a standard survey questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.00. Data was presented in figures and tables. It was described using frequencies, percentages and mean. Results: The inpatient satisfaction scored an overall of 88.69%. It was found that there was a high satisfaction level based on the questions poised (above 90%) which included the friendliness of the staff, information and care provided, cleanliness of the wards and linens, and promptness to the response to complaints. Control of noise, cleanliness of the toilets were found to be satisfactory, achieving above 80%. The quality of meals provided in the hospital received the lowest score of 72%. Conclusions: The survey showed that there is slight improvement compared to the record collected in 2019. It revealed that a patient's expectation is being fulfilled gradually and indicates that overall quality of services is maintained consistently at JD

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: SURVIVAL OF THE LOW SCALE FACTORY WORKERS

2022-07-01T00:00:00Z

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: SURVIVAL OF THE LOW SCALE FACTORY WORKERS Rubayet, Farhana The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global supply chain to a great extent. Along with many countries, Bangladesh is also suffering with consequences of this disruption. The biggest industry of the country, the garment industry, is considered the most impacted as it is the second largest exporter industry in the world. The higher share of the impacts has been applied upon the garment workers and especially upon the low scale factory workers. However, the media portrayal of their survival in these crucial days has not been strong. In this paper, I plan to portray a clear image of the severe impacts on low scale garment workers during the pandemic and highlight how much help they received throughout the journey. Using the snowball sampling process I have interviewed 112 low factory garment workers (28 male & 84 female) and the primary and secondary data are designed with a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodology. The findings suggest that the low scale factory workers have been exploited financially, physically, and mentally in the COVID-19 pandemic. After the frequent lockdowns, on average per hour working wages have been extremely low. While a significant number of workers have suffered immensely, the female workers (especially pregnant and elderly women) were the most vulnerable targets. Unsafe work environment, forced labor, increased harassment in the workplace are the indicators of workers' growing vulnerability during the pandemic. The positions of the state and stakeholders do not portray a clear picture; there are attempts like stimulus packages offered by the Bangladesh government, but not as successful as planned. Even though the stakeholders were expected to handle the situation with utmost gratitude, their actions did not seem fair to the workers. This paper finds out the root causes and concludes that without proper policy dialogue and an advanced research & development sector, obtaining stability and rights is not certain for the vulnerable workers.

Women as a Tool of Psychological Warfare: Behavioral/Psychological Analysis of Wartime Rape based on Cross-National Evidence (1939-2017)

2022-06-01T00:00:00Z

Women as a Tool of Psychological Warfare: Behavioral/Psychological Analysis of Wartime Rape based on Cross-National Evidence (1939-2017) Farzana, Maisha Sexual violence in armed conflict is a psychological weapon and an expression of hegemonic masculinity over women. In order to better comprehend the issue and determine how deeply embedded it is, this paper investigates the motivations behind systematic rapes that occur during armed conflicts. We examine three case studies in an effort to uncover patterns in the underlying motivations, identify gaps in the existing research and documentation of such war crimes, and spot barriers in the preventative measures. Here, three objectives have been highlighted as being particularly consistent and crucial throughout the history of wars and conflicts. Ethnic cleansing, the problematic notion of ‘manhood' and the objectification of women, opportunism and vengeance are discussed in light of the rape incidents of World War II, Rwandan Civil War and Rohingya conflict in the Rakhine state of Myanmar. The events of massive rape campaigns we discussed in this paper, left several nations huge burden of war spoils and complex societal issues. Raped women are excluded from the society, becomes unmarriageable and loses value in these social settings. War babies are born and brought with tremendous trauma and in a crisis of paternal identity. The idea that rape is no longer employed as a weapon of mass destruction in today's high-tech age of warfare is perhaps the worst misconception about it. The lack of visibility paves the way to such misconceptions. The heinous crimes are still going on in most of the wars and conflicts. Many survivors of rape and other sexual violence offenses are reluctant to come forward because of shame and stigma. In refugee camps, during house-to-house inspections, and as part of interrogations, rapes and gang rapes are all documented in many UN reports. Rape campaigns that occur during wars have only recently come to the attention of world leaders as a threat to peace and security on a worldwide scale. The phenomenon was brought to light in large part by feminist scholars in the late 1990s. Therefore, this paper also discusses the significance of a feminist viewpoint on war.