https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/50 2026-10-10T01:42:08Z https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/471 Client Satisfaction with the Health Services of Public Hospitals in Bhojpur, Nepal: Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Health Centers Rai, Bedana Background Client satisfaction is an important tool to measure the gap between client’s expectations versus the actual health service delivered. Clients are an important stakeholder of the entire health care system. Client’s welfare and satisfaction are the core aims of government’s health care system. But, very few studies have been conducted in Nepal to understand the level of satisfaction with the health services. The comparative study of rural and urban health care centers is conducted in Bhojpur district, Nepal. Aim To contribute in improving the quality of health services provided by public health care centers in Nepal by calculating the customer’s level of satisfaction in rural and urban location. Methods An exit interview was conducted with customers who recently took services from public health centers. Semi-structured questionnaire were asked only after receiving consent from respective participants. Mountainous district of Nepal, Bhojpur is the research area for this study. 81 participants were interviewed from rural health centers which included 2 sub-health posts and 2 health posts. 145 participants were interviewed from district hospital located in urban headquarter of a district. This is a cross-sectional study where the questions related to the health facilities and client’s satisfactions were asked. Result This study showed higher level of satisfaction in rural compared to urban in Bhojpur district, Nepal. The demographic variables were not statistically significant to the level of satisfaction as seen in previous client satisfaction studies done in Nepal, or Malaysia. Clients were more satisfied with access, consultation, physical facility and courtesy of service provider in rural health posts as compared to urban. Drug availability, privacy, and consultation satisfaction showed statistically significant spearman correlation as well as multiple linear regressions. Conclusion Clients receiving health services from rural health centers were comparatively satisfied to clients from urban health centers. Clients had higher expectation from district hospital whereas people were highly satisfied with the health services provided in the rural health centers. 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/470 PREVALENCE OF DYSMENORRHOEAL PAIN AND ITS IMPACT ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Thapa Magar, Ashmita Menstruation is normal biological phenomena for girls and women. During menstruation, girls and women feel a certain degree of pain (dysmenorrhea) that can be minor to severe resulting obstacles in carrying daily life activities including school. This study was conducted to determine how dysmenorrhoeal pain has affected the students’ school as well as daily life along with prevailing social and cultural rules segregated just for the times during period. Following cross-sectional design, this study took place among 366 students of Kathmandu (66.1%) and Dhading (33.9%), aged from 13 to 20 years. 89% of the students complained of having dysmenorrhea where moderate degree of pain had the highest frequency of 49.7%. Nonetheless of the degree of pain, 45.1% missed school because of it. Besides missing classes, 81% didn’t participate in sports activities during their period. 38% students regularly followed restrictions applied during period while 34% followed them sometimes only. 83% complained about school administration failing to address periodic problems. I would recommend the school administration to have an infirmary where the students can take rest and continue their classes after that. Adding on to it, the administration should be able to provide emergency sanitary pads and heat pads, so that the students don’t have to go back home and miss their classes. Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea, School, Performance, Restriction, Hygiene 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/469 Prevalence of Self-reported Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases among the Geriatric Population of Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study Tuz Jerin, Delufa People aging from 65 years to above are known as the “geriatric” group of population according to the WHO. Geriatric health issues including infectious and non-infectious diseases are increasing in Bangladesh due to the increased life expectancy and other socio-demographic factors like lifestyle, education, occupation etc. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infectious and non-infectious diseases among the elderly people and their care seeking pattern in the rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. This cross sectional study was conducted using a semi- structured questionnaire with 260 male and female participants from rural and urban areas of two districts in Bangladesh, Comilla and Chittagong. The prevalence rate of infectious disease was found as 27.10% in urban area and 16.70% in rural area. On the other hand the prevalence rate of non-infectious disease was 77.90% in the urban site and 70.80% in the rural site. Overall, the disease rate has been found to be higher among the males than the females and the health expenditure is much higher among the urban people than the rural population. 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/337 ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ON THE PLANT DIVERSITY IN WETLANDS OF PHOBJI AND GANGTEY, BHUTAN Lhamo, Pema Plant diversity in the wetlands of Phobji and Gantey represents an important aspect of the overall wetland ecosystem. However, over the years, the increasing trend in population has initiated the building of many infrastructures and accommodations which lie at close proximity to the core wetland area. This accelerates the expansion of land use to the core wetland area posing a huge threat to the plant diversity of the wetlands. This research thus studied the plant diversity in human settled area and core undisturbed area with an objective to assess the influence of human settlement on the plant diversity. A belt transect method was used for the purpose of vegetation survey and Shannon Wiener diversity was calculated using the relative dominance. Plants were analyzed for their diversity, richness, life forms, dominance and invasive nature. Additionally, soil and water parameters were also tested to see the current situation of the pH and nutrient levels. A total of 136 species belonging to 39 families was identified in both the areas. Some of the dominant species identified were Trifolium repens, Rumex napelensis and Pedicularis denticulata. An endemic plant species Euphrasia bhutanica was also identified in one of the plots of the undisturbed areas. Two species of orchid was also found along with the endemic plant. Shannon Wiener diversity index showed the highest index of 3.14 in one of the plots in human settlement area. The overall diversity index and species richness was found to be higher in the undisturbed areas. Soil analysis did not show much of a difference in physical and chemical parameters except for a slight difference in potassium content. Similarly, water parameters did not show much difference but only showed variation in calcium content. The findings of the study indicated towards the increasing influence of human settlement in the wetland. 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z